.::|| Karbonet - IT ||::.

Now-a-Days Linux Operating system is getting popular and popular everyday. Among all the Linux virson Ubuntu is the best. But ubuntu is not available everywhere. you can download Ubuntu from the net. The download size is 700MB. So it is not possible for all internet user. Thats why Ubuntu has another option. You can order an Ubuntu CD from the Canonical Ltd(Owner of Ubuntu). They will send you the CD by mail. I know what you are thinking....What is the cost? its FREE. It may takes 4-6 months to recieve the mail. Just go to Get Ubuntu and Order a CD for Free. You will have to enter your house address and thats it....After some day you will Welcome UBUNTU in your Room.

Hi Friends, Today i am going to tell you my battle against virus. Last week i brought a soft copy of A computer Fundamental Book. After I copy those files, i was going to open them. But When i opened the Folder i found another folder in it. So i wanted to know what is in it. I clicked the Folder......And the War begun... Actually that was not a folder, that was a file. A messsage showed saying "This file is already in use". I was not aware about what is happening. I realized that when i tried to enter in my local drive. It is not opening. I have an Ubuntu 7.10 Live CD, thanks to my Friend Sharif. So i restarted my computer with the obuntu cd. In ubuntu i entred all the drive of my computer and i saw a file named "New folder.exe" i deleted that. Then again i restart my computer in Xp. Again i tried to open my Local Drives and Failed. So i was not sure that actually what is the problem. Again i restarted my PC in Ubuntu then entered to my Local Drives and discovered the "New folder.exe" which was deleted last time. I entered some folder and found a file which had the same name. And they were in all the folders. it was not possible to delet them all. I reinstalled Xp but the problem was not solved.Quickly i install Macfee 2007 Antivirus. I scan my PC...No Virus Detected. I thought that i need to update my Antivirus to find the Virus. I use Mobile gprs modem to connect to the internet.
So i had to install Mobile phone manager to use the Mobile Gprs modem. The computer was getting slower and slower in every moment. And I couldn't install The Mobile Manager. Every time i tried to install an error occured. So i decided to scan by Norton. i uninstall Macfee, restart the pc and click on the Norton antivirus setup file. Again this time an error occured. I was so fustrated thinking that nothing do now. But lasly i decided to try one last time to save my pc.
Xp was installed in drive C. But i installed it on F drive that time. after install quickly i enter my Antivirus collection CD and setup a new Antivirus called "Panda Antivirus 2008", there was no internet available so i started to scan my computer by that Antivirus. Thanks to Allah because that time "Panda Antivirus 2008" found those "new folder" virus. They were huge in number. And they were increasing themselve in every moment. But Panda Antivirus found them and clean them all. Then the war is over. Victory.....!! I fought against those virus for three days and all the time i was in front of my computer. I advice all of the readers not to open a folder or file without full awareness. But It was a Great Experience to me........ How you think about that? your comments are well acctepted.

Today, the word P2P or peer to peer is well known to us while we see this in various internet hosting site. P2P is like connection with computers which works through internet. By this application one can share file in accordance with “File Sharing” option without any central server. But recently a group of scientists of Yeall University of United States, discovered another new communication system, by which the performance of internet will increase in great advance. This communication system is known as ‘P4P’ or “Provider Portal for P2P applications. Now, lets know about more on P2P communication system.

About P2P communication System:

From user to user, Peer-to-peer implies that either side can initiate a session and has equal responsibility. Peer-to-peer is a somewhat confusing term, because it has always been contrasted to a central system that initiates and controls everything. But in practice, two users on a peer-to-peer system often require data from a third computer. For example, the infamous Napster file sharing service was always called a "peer-to-peer network," but its use of a central server to store the public directory made it both centralized and peer-to-peer.


Category:

The two major categories of peer-to-peer systems are file sharing and CPU sharing. However, there are many applications and services that claim to be peer-to-peer. Visit www.openp2p.com and click on the "P2P Directory" for a comprehensive list of resources, articles and blogs about the subject.Communications in which both sides have equal responsibility for initiating, maintaining and terminating the session. Contrast with "master-slave communications," in which the host determines which users can initiate which sessions. If the host were programmed to allow all users to initiate all sessions, it would look like a peer-to-peer system to the user.

History Behind P2P Application:

The way people use the Internet has changed significantly over the past 10 years, making computers seem to run less efficiently and putting strain on the available bandwidth for transmitting data.

Since 1998, the percentage of Internet traffic devoted to the download and upload of large blocks of information using P2P software has increased from less than 10 percent to greater than 70 percent in many networks. By contrast, Web browsing now accounts for 20 percent and e-mail less than 5 percent of total Internet traffic, down from 60 and 10 percent respectively, in 1998.

About P4P (Provider Portal for P2P Applications):

Professors Avi Silberschatz, Y. Richard Yang, and Ph.D. candidate Haiyong Xie in Yale’s Department of Computer Science are part of a research team that is proposing an architecture called P4P — which stands for “provider portal for P2P applications” — to allow explicit and seamless communications between ISPs and P2P applications.

The P4P will both reduce the cost to ISPs and improve the performance of P2P applications according to a paper to be presented at ACM SIGCOMM 2008, a premier computer networking conference in August 2008 in Seattle.

According to Silberschatz, current P2P information exchange schemes are “network-oblivious” and use intricate protocols for tapping the bandwidth of participating users to help move data. He says, “The existing schemes are often both inefficient and costly — like dialing long-distance to call your neighbor, and both of you paying for the call.”

The Yale team has played many roles in this project, ranging from naming and analyzing the architecture, to testing and to implementation of some key components of the system.

“Right now the ISPs and P2P companies are dancing with the problem — but stepping on each other’s toes,” said Yang. “Our objective is to have an open architecture that any ISP and any P2P can participate in. Yale has facilitated this project behind the scenes and without direct financial interest through a working group called P4P that was formed in July 2007 to prompt collaboration on the project.”

The working group is hosted by DCIA [Distributed Computing Industry Association] and led by working group co-chairs Doug Pasko from Verizon, and Laird Popkin from Pando. Currently, the group has more than 50 participating organizations.

“The P4P architecture extends the Internet architecture by providing servers, called iTrackers, to each ISP,” said Silberschatz. “The servers provide portals to the operation of ISP networks.”

The new P4P architecture can operate in multiple modes. In a simple mode, the ISPs will reveal their network status so that P2P applications can avoid hot-spots. In another mode, P4P will operate much like a stock or commodities exchange — it will let markets and providers interact freely to create the most efficient information and cost flow, so costs of operation drop and access to individual sites is less likely to overload.

“While ISPs like AT&T, Comcast, Telephonica and Verizon and the P2P software companies like Pando each maintains its independence, the value of the P4P architecture is significant, as demonstrated in recent field tests,” said Silberschatz. For example, in a field test conducted using the Pando software in March 2008, P4P reduced inter-ISP traffic by an average of 34 percent, and increased delivery speeds to end users by up to 235 percent across US networks and up to 898 percent across international networks.

Reference:

 The Daily Prothom Alo (Projonmo dot com).

 Yale University of Public Health.

 Special thanks to Janet Rettig Emanuel.

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